簡單式,進行式,完成式,完成進行式。
Tense時態一共分為四種:
簡單式(simple tense)、進行式(progressive tense)、完成式(perfect tense)、完成進行式(perfect progressive tense)。
每種時態又各分為三種時間狀態:過去(past)、現在(present)、未來(future),所以一共會有12種。
- 過去簡單式(past simple tense)
- 過去進行式(past progressive tense)
- 過去完成式(past perfect tense)
- 過去完成進行式(past perfect progressive tense)
- 現在簡單式(present simple tense)
- 現在進行式(present progressive tense)
- 現在完成式(present perfect tense)
- 現在完成進行式(present perfect progressive tense)
過去簡單式(past simple tense)【S + V-ed】
● 表示過去發生的動作或狀態
Ex:I played tennis yesterday. (我昨天打網球)
I ate lunch. (我吃過中餐了)
It rained this morning. (今天早上有下雨)
I loved you (我過去是愛你的) => 但現在不愛了
He was a good man. (他過去是個好人) => 現在可能變壞了或是死了
● 表示過去的習慣動作
Ex:I went to school by bike when I was a child. (我小時候都是騎車去上學的)
He took a walk every morning when he lived in the country. (當他住在鄉下時有每天散步的習慣)
過去進行式(past progressive tense)【S + was/were + V-ing】
● 敘述在過去時間正在進行的動作。常與其它句子合用
Ex:I was playing tennis when you called. (你打給我的時候我正在打網球)
Jerry was taking a shower when his girfriend came. (Jerry的女友去找他的時候,他正在洗澡)
When I saw her in the pub, It was playing this song. (我在pub看到她時正播著這首歌)
過去完成式(past perfect tense)【S + had + p.p】
● 過去完成式是不能單獨用的。我們用的時候,必須有另一個事件。也就是說,假如我們有兩件事 A和 B,兩件事都發生在過去,但 A發生在 B以前,A應該用過去完成式,B則用過去式。
Ex:He had studied Chinese before he came to Taiwan. (他來台灣以前,曾學過中文)
It had already snowed before Monday. (週一以前,已經下過雪了)
He had worked before he dicided to go to college. (他唸大學以前,曾經工作過)
● 表示過去未實現的願望或計畫。 Ex:I had hoped to learn French. (我曾希望學習法文)
過去完成進行式(past perfect progressive tense)【S + had been + V-ing】
在兩個過去時間中強調較早發生事件的連續性。
Ex:He had been studying before he went to class. (在他來到班上前,已經很認真讀書了) =>強調在他來到班上之前的這段時間
I had been seeing your mother before I was 14 years old. (我十四歲以前,就曾見過你的母親)
I had been sleeping before you called me. (我在你打電話給我之前已經睡覺了)
現在簡單式(present simple tense)【S + V】
● 表現在發生的動作或狀態 Ex:I hear the music. (我聽到音樂)
I am thirsty. (我很渴)
● 表習慣性的動作或狀態
Ex:I play tennis. (我打網球) => 表示我有打網球的習慣
It rains often here. (這裡常下雨)
● 表真理、事實或自然界的現象
Ex:Three points define a plane. (三點決定一個平面)
John loves July. (約翰愛茱莉)
The sun sets in the west. (太陽從西邊落下)
現在進行式(present progressive tense)【S + V-ing】
● 表示現在正在進行的動作 Ex:I am eating lunch. (我正在吃中餐)
I am playing tennis. (我正在打網球)
It is raining. (現在正在下雨)
John is loving July. (X) => love 是一種狀態,不是一種動作,所以要用現在式
● 表示在近期內即將發生的事情或計畫未來要做的事。
Ex:I am leaving here tomorrow. (我將在明天離開)
He is going to Hong Kong next week. (他將在下個禮拜去香港)
現在完成式(present perfect tense)【S + have + p.p】
常和since、for、already、never、ever等字連用。
● 表示發生在過去,而一直延續到現在的動作或狀態,這種句子後面常有since或for。
Ex:I have studied English since elementary school. (我從小學開始學英文) => 現在還在學
I have played tennis since the second year in graduated school. (我從研究所二年級開始打網球)
● 強調已經完成的事 Ex:I have finished my work. (我已經做完我的工作了)
I have arranged my room. (我已經整理完房間了)
● 表示一種經驗 Ex:I have been America. (我曾到過美國)
I have seen President Lee. (我曾見過李總統)
I have worked in the nursing home. (我曾在養老院工作過)
Jassica has never watched baseball game. (Jassica從未看過棒球比賽)
● 表示一件過去常發生的事
Ex:We have already had three typhoons so far this year. (今年我國已經有三個颱風了)
He has already published two papers this year. (他今年已經發表了兩篇論文了)
It has already rained half month. (已經下了半個月的雨了)
現在完成式(present perfect tense)【S + have + p.p】
常和since、for、already、never、ever等字連用。
● 表示發生在過去,而一直延續到現在的動作或狀態,這種句子後面常有since或for。
Ex:I have studied English since elementary school. (我從小學開始學英文) => 現在還在學
I have played tennis since the second year in graduated school. (我從研究所二年級開始打網球)
● 強調已經完成的事 Ex:I have finished my work. (我已經做完我的工作了)
I have arranged my room. (我已經整理完房間了)
● 表示一種經驗 Ex:I have been America. (我曾到過美國)
I have seen President Lee. (我曾見過李總統)
I have worked in the nursing home. (我曾在養老院工作過)
Jassica has never watched baseball game. (Jassica從未看過棒球比賽)
● 表示一件過去常發生的事
Ex:We have already had three typhoons so far this year. (今年我國已經有三個颱風了)
He has already published two papers this year. (他今年已經發表了兩篇論文了)
It has already rained half month. (已經下了半個月的雨了)
現在完成式(present perfect tense)【S + have + p.p】
常和since、for、already、never、ever等字連用。
● 表示發生在過去,而一直延續到現在的動作或狀態,這種句子後面常有since或for。
Ex:I have studied English since elementary school. (我從小學開始學英文) => 現在還在學
I have played tennis since the second year in graduated school. (我從研究所二年級開始打網球)
● 強調已經完成的事
Ex:I have finished my work. (我已經做完我的工作了)
I have arranged my room. (我已經整理完房間了)
● 表示一種經驗
Ex:I have been America. (我曾到過美國)
I have seen President Lee. (我曾見過李總統)
I have worked in the nursing home. (我曾在養老院工作過)
Jassica has never watched baseball game. (Jassica從未看過棒球比賽)
● 表示一件過去常發生的事
Ex:We have already had three typhoons so far this year. (今年我國已經有三個颱風了)
He has already published two papers this year. (他今年已經發表了兩篇論文了)
It has already rained half month. (已經下了半個月的雨了)
未來進行式(future progressive tense)【S + will/shall + be + V-ing】
● 表示未來某一時刻或某一段時間正在進行的動作。 Ex:What will you be doing this time tomorrow? (你明天的這個時候會做甚麼?)
We shall be building a new lipary next month. (我們下個月將正在蓋一棟新的圖書館)
● 未來進行式的口氣會比未來簡單式婉轉客氣
Ex:When will you be seeing John? (你甚麼時候會見到John)
● 可表原因,結果和可能
Ex:If you don't work hard, you will not be passing the exam. (若你不努力,你將沒辦法通過考試)
未來進行式(future progressive tense)【S + will/shall + be + V-ing】
● 表示未來某一時刻或某一段時間正在進行的動作。
Ex:What will you be doing this time tomorrow? (你明天的這個時候會做甚麼?)
We shall be building a new lipary next month. (我們下個月將正在蓋一棟新的圖書館)
● 未來進行式的口氣會比未來簡單式婉轉客氣 Ex:When will you be seeing John? (你甚麼時候會見到John)
● 可表原因,結果和可能 Ex:If you don't work hard, you will not be passing the exam. (若你不努力,你將沒辦法通過考試)
未來完成進行式(future perfect progressive tense)【S + will/shall + have + been + V-ing】
● 表示在未來某時刻開始到未來的一段時間中一直進行,並可能持續進行
Ex:I will have been waiting 3 hours when the train arrives. (當火車到達時我將已等了3個小時了)